Rigid Shell Rolling on a Dimpled Bowl-shaped Rigid Surface Example 2

<p>The computations use zero-mass particles--the first use of such particles&nbsp;in nonrelativistic classical mechanics&mdash;to perform these animations.</p> <p>The four animation files deal with simulations for&nbsp;Cases A, B, C, and D of Example 2, in the above-mentioned paper in the Special Issue. Each file shows an animation for 25 s of the shell rolling on the surface, without slipping. Each animation shows the dimpled surface&nbsp;and the complex motion of the shell&nbsp;as it finds its path over the dimpled surface.</p> <p>The different cases (A to D) relate to the different orientations of the non-uniform shell at the start of the animation with respect to the surface. At the beginning of each animation the shell is shown for a few extra seconds so that its initial orientation can be observed. The location of the point on the sphere that touches the surface at the start of the animation is the same for all the 4 different animations; the initial velocity of the geometric center of the shell is also the same in all the animations.</p> <p>As seen, the motion of the non-uniform shell and the path it takes on the surface is highly sensitive to its&nbsp;orientation at the start of the animation with respect to the surface. The motion&nbsp;is slowed in these animations&nbsp;so that the&nbsp;extremely complex motion of the shell can be seen better.</p> <p>For details of each case (A to D) see the paper.</p>