Figure 2. Forced change-Definition of Information

<p>The second basic kind of causal relation consists of changes that occur as a result of<br> externally working forces. According to Britannica force is &ldquo;any action that tends to maintain or<br> alter the motion of a body or to distort it&rdquo; [&ldquo;Force&rdquo;, in: Britannica 2009].<br> The mechanism of this change is simple: the influence of a force alters the affected object or its<br> movement: A cosmic body changes its orbit due to the influence of gravity produced by some<br> external entity. A bullet accelerates because of the powder explosion in the cartridge; glass breaks<br> when it falls to the floor etc. This form of causal mechanism is called forced change here.<br> Forced changes represent the simplest form of a causal relation between two objects, first of which<br> ― a causal action of force ― delivers energy causing the effectual change of a stable object. Forced<br> change is represented as follows (Figure 2).</p>