Fig. 3 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons

Fig. 3. Visualizations of species by sex interactions using group means.a. Mean CS profile plot. For size, males are on average slightly larger than females, but the difference is small and roughly similar in all species. Thus, lines are approximately parallel in the profile plot. b. Phenogram of mean shapes. In the phenogram, with the exception of the Alaskan marmot (bro) (whose sampling error is huge, having only eight individuals of known sex), female and male means are paired within each species with almost identical shape distances between sexes in each species. The similarity of SDM shape distances provides an information equivalent, in terms of the magnitude of the sex differences, to that of the parallel lines in the CS profile plot (Fig. 3a).