Fig. A1 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses

Fig. A1. Box and jitter plot of shape SDM estimated using randomized subsampling experiments in yellow-bellied marmots (whiskers in this figure mark the range from minimum to maximum, with no assessment of outliers, which are irrelevant in the context of this didactic example). The total female sample (F) is split in progressively smaller, mutually exclusive, random subsamples and the same is done for males (M). The first subsample of 70 individuals per sex is almost the same of the total samples; the second consists of two female and two male subsamples with 35 individuals each; the third set of subsamples is made of 17–18 individuals per sex and the fourth and fifth include only 10 or 5 individuals respectively. The vertical axis shows the Procrustes distance between means of females and means of males of each set of subsamples. The red circles show the observed mean female to male Procrustes distance in VIM, Alaskan (bro) and Olympic marmots (oly); they are added to the box and jitter plots of yellow-bellied marmot subsamples whose N is closer to the observed N is these three species.