Fig. 1 in Solving the 250-year-old mystery of the origin and global spread of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica

Fig. 1. Population genetic structure and global spread routes of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. (A) Median joining haplotype network based on the COI gene (1,536 bp). (B) Principal component analysis based on 158,216 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. (C) Bar plot (Top), split into regionspecific bar plots mapped to sampling sites, derived from maximum likelihood estimation of ancestry (ADMIXTURE) at the optimal number of ancestral clusters (K = 6). The diagram on top of the bar plot indicates nucleotide diversity (π) per locus at each sampling site. The inferred timing and routes of global spread are mapped with black arrows. (D) Divergence of key populations presented in the form of an allele-frequency-based unrooted tree with residuals of drift parameters mapped as migration edges. (E) A zoomed-in view of (C) focused on Asia. The natural range of the ancestor, B. asahinai, is shown in green.