Plesiosaur Silhouettes for Mass Estimation (unorganized raw silhouettes)

<p>Silhouettes used for mass estimation via the paleomass R package (Motani, 2023)</p> <p><strong>Paleomass</strong></p> <p>Motani R. 2023. Paleomass for R&mdash;bracketing body volume of marine vertebrates with 3D models. PeerJ 11:e15957&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15957">https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15957</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>References used for generating these silhouettes</strong></p> <p><em>Thalassomedon &amp; Dolichorhynchops:</em></p> <p>Carpenter, K., &amp; Sanders, F. (2010). Plesiosaur swimming as interpreted from skeletal analysis and experimental results. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 113(1/2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1660/062.113.0201&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Albertonectes:</em></p> <p>Henderson, D. (2022, August 18). Albertonectes. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/albertonectes&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Muraenosaurus:</em></p> <p>No&egrave;, L., Taylor, M., &amp; G&oacute;mez-P&eacute;rez, M. (2017). An integrated approach to understanding the role of the long neck in plesiosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00334.2016&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Tatenectes:</em></p> <p>O&rsquo;Keefe, F. R., Street, H. P., Wilhelm, B. C., Richards, C. D., &amp; Zhu, H. (2011). A new skeleton of the cryptoclidid plesiosaur tatenectes laramiensis reveals a novel body shape among plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31(2), 330&ndash;339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.550365</p> <p><em>Styxosaurus:</em></p> <p>Otero, R. A. (2016). Taxonomic reassessment of hydralmosaurus as styxosaurus: New insights on the elasmosaurid neck evolution throughout the cretaceous. PeerJ, 4. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1777&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Aristonectes:</em></p> <p>Otero, R. A., Soto-Acu&ntilde;a, S., &amp; O&rsquo;Keefe, F. R. (2018). Osteology of aristonectes quiriquinensis (Elasmosauridae, Aristonectinae) from the Upper Maastrichtian of Central Chile. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1408638&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Ophthalmothule:</em></p> <p>Roberts, A. J., Druckenmiller, P. S., Cordonnier, B., Delsett, L. L., &amp; Hurum, J. H. (2020). A new plesiosaurian from the jurassic&ndash;cretaceous transitional interval of the slottsm&oslash;ya member (Volgian), with insights into the cranial anatomy of cryptoclidids using computed tomography. PeerJ, 8. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8652</p> <p><em>Hydrotherosaurus:&nbsp;</em></p> <p>Sachs, S. (2004). Redescription of Woolungasaurus glendowerensis (Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 49(2), 713&ndash;731.</p> <p><em>Brancasaurus:</em></p> <p>Sachs, S., Hornung, J. J., &amp; Kear, B. P. (2016). Reappraisal of Europe&rsquo;s most complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian:brancasaurus brancai wegner, 1914 from the &ldquo;wealden facies&rdquo; of Germany. PeerJ, 4. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2813</p> <p><em>Cryptocleidus:&nbsp;</em></p> <p>Sennikov, A. G. (2019). Peculiarities of the structure and locomotor function of the tail in Sauropterygia. Biology Bulletin, 46(7), 751&ndash;762. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359019070100</p> <p><em>Rhomaleosaurus:&nbsp;</em></p> <p>Smith, A. S., &amp; Benson, R. B. J. (2014). Osteology of rhomaleosaurus thorntoni (sauropterygia: Rhomaleosauridae) from the lower jurassic (Toarcian) of Northamptonshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society, 168(642), 1&ndash;40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693445.2014.11963953</p> <p><em>Meyerasaurus:</em></p> <p>Smith, A. S., &amp; Vincent, P. (2010). A new genus of Pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the lower jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany. Palaeontology, 53(5), 1049&ndash;1063. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x</p> <p><em>Lindwurmia:</em>&nbsp;</p> <p>Vincent, P., &amp; Storrs, G. W. (2019). Lindwurmia, a new genus of plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the earliest jurassic of Halberstadt, Northwest Germany. The Science of Nature, 106(1&ndash;2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-018-1600-y&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>NOTE TO THOSE WHO MAY USE THESE SILHOUETTES FOR MASS ESTIMATION</strong></p> <p>1. Tail fins and webbed membranous features were ignored (such as those connecting the base of the fin to the body)</p> <p>2. <em>Lindwurmia</em>,&nbsp;<em>Meyerasaurus, Hydrotherosaurus, Opthalmothule, Muraenosaurus, Thalassomedon&nbsp;</em>and <em>Dolichorhynchops&nbsp;</em>are based only on skeletal outlines and body silhouettes were traced by connecting the distal-most points of adjacent ribs to one another, and the distal-most points of spinous/transverse processes.&nbsp;</p> <p>3. These files must be organized into folders and renamed for compatibility with paleomass.&nbsp;</p>