Fig. 12 Calibration between U in A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China

Fig. 12 Calibration between U-Pb ages and fossiliferous beds, UAZs, δ13Crecord, climatic proxies and conodont diversity. A U–Pb ages (after carb Widmann et al., 2020). B Geological timescales with Early Triassic substages C ammonoid biochronozones modified from Brayard and Bucher (2008), D Conodont beds from South China (this work), E Newly established conodont UAZs from South China. See Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. F Evolution of the composite δ13Crecord during the Smithian and early Spathian from Qiakong, Laren, Shanggang, Lilong (see also Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6). G Temporal carb evolution of species- genera- and subfamily-diversity (after Fig. 10), H δ18Cfrom conodont apatite from Pakistan (after Goudemand et al., 2019). phos I: Palynological events (after Hermann et al. 2011)