Fig. 5. Phyllostomid bat Macrotus waterhousii Gray, 1843 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests

Fig. 5. Phyllostomid bat Macrotus waterhousii Gray, 1843 (OMNH 10653) from Mexico, Recent. Lower molars showing carnassiform notches in the cristid obliqua (arrows) and postcristid and accompanying accessory troughs in the talonid basins of m1–m2, in anterolabial view (A1) and occlusal (A2, stereopair) views, notches indicated by arrows. Chrotopterus auritus show carnassiform notches similar to those on the trigonid crests of many insectivorous bats. However, these specialized carnivorous bats lack notches in the talonid crests. CN and accessory troughs are moderately developed in Macrotinae (Macrotus; Fig. 5) and most strongly expressed in Micronycterinae (Micronycteris and Lampronycteris; Fig. 6), Lonchorhininae (Lonchorhina; Fig. 7), Phyllostomini (Gardnerycteris, Lophostoma, Phylloderma, Phyllostomus, and Tonatia; Fig. 8), and Glyphonycterinae (Glyphonycteris, Neonycteris, and Trinycteris; Fig. 9). Regarding the micronycterines, Micronycteris has been shown to exhibit a high degree of dietary flexibility; Santana et al. (2011a) showed that Micronycteris microtis, a small (5–7 g) species, ate a wide variety of insects, spiders, and a tiny lizard making them the smallest bat known to exhibit rare carnivory. Much of the species' feeding behavior involved chewing motions involving the premolars and molars. Based on molecular evidence, Glyphonycterinae was recently recognized as a distinct subfamily of Phyllostomidae within a radiation of omnivorous and frugivorous bats (the Nullicauda, including Carolliinae, Glyphonycterinae, Rhinophyllinae, and Stenodermatinae; Cirranello et al. 2016), and contains the genera Glyphonycteris, Neonycteris, and