Fig. 13 in Evolution and identity of synapsid carpal bones

Fig. 13. Homologization of the mammaliamorph lunate with the intermedium or lateral centrale of non-mammaliamorph synapsids. I. The homologue of the lunate is the intermedium (C2, D2); this is the traditional view (Gegenbaur 1864; Romer and Parsons 1977; Kivell 2016) and was put forward by Broom (1901) for non-mammaliamorph therapsids and extant mammals. II. The homologue of the lunate is the lateral centrale (C3, D3) as suggested here. A. Ophiacodon (FMNH UC 458). B. Galesaurus (SAM-PK-K10465). C. Tritylodontid (WCW-06A-34). D. Zhangheotherium (IVPP V7466). Photographs (A1–C1), drawing (D1), and explanatory drawings (A2–D2, C3, D3). The figures show the right manus in dorsal view, except for A, where the left manus has been lateromedially reversed.