Figure 4 in Pericarp-mediated chemical dormancy controls the fruit germination of the invasive hoary cress (Lepidium drobo), but not of hairy whitetop (Lepidium oppelionum)

Figure 4. The effects of the pericarp (fruit coat) on the water uptake of (A) Lepidium drobo and (B) Lepidium oppelionum seeds. A single asterisk refers to the time of full (>90%) completion of germination of fresh isolated seeds or fruits (seeds within pericarp), whereas a double asterisk refers to the maximum germination (52%) due to the pericarp-mediated dormancy of L. drobo (see Figure 2A). Isolated seeds and fruits exhibit a typical three-phase pattern of water uptake by seeds: phase 1 (imbibition) is followed by the plateau phase 2 (metabolic activation), and upon endosperm rupture, the radicle emergence is associated with phase 3 (water uptake indicative for the completion of germination). N = 3 × 20 (fresh seeds) of accessions KM 1296 and KM 1754 (2014 to 2015 harvest); N = 3 × 10 for each time point measured (fresh seeds within pericarp).