Figure 1 in Pericarp-mediated chemical dormancy controls the fruit germination of the invasive hoary cress (Lepidium drobo), but not of hairy whitetop (Lepidium oppelionum)

Figure 1. Seed and fruit structure and germination of Lepidium drobo and Lepidium oppelionum. Seeds tightly adhere to the fruit wall in L. drobo but not in L. oppelionum. (A) Lepidium drobo seed (oval); (B) L. oppelionum seed (oval and flattened); (C) L. drobo fruit (heart-podded); (D) L. oppelionum fruit (globe-podded); (E) L. drobo manually opened fruits, seeds are tightly adhered to the pericarp (fruit wall); and (F) L. oppelionum manually opened fruits, seeds are loosely adhered to the fruit wall. Radicle emergence through the ruptured testa and endosperm marks the completion of germination of imbibed seeds of L. drobo (G) and L. oppelionum (H). (I) Pericarp rupture and radicle emergence as visible events marking the completion of L. drobo fruit germination. (J) Pericarp rupture and radicle emergence following the seed germination within the L. oppellionum fruits. A Leica M165 FC Fluorescence Classic Stereomicroscope (Wetzlar, Germany) was used to take pictures of seeds and fruits.