FIGURE 24. 3D in A reappraisal of the cranial and mandibular osteology of the spinosaurid Irritator challengeri (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

FIGURE 24. 3D renderings of the sagitally sectioned articulated braincase elements of the right side of Irritator challengeri (SMNS 58022) in medial view. A, complete rendering of right side; B, detailed view endocranial cavity; C, as A, with interpretative line drawings; D, as B, with interpretative line drawings. Note that bones are labelled in bold, and other anatomical structures in regular font. White arrows indicate internal connections of basisphenoid recess not covered in section. Abbreviations: atyr, anterior tympanic recess; boc, basioccipital; bsr, basisphenoid recess; cif, crista interfenestralis; ds, dorsum sellae; flr, floccular recess opening; fm, foramen magnum; icc, internal carotid artery (=vidian) canal; lsp, laterosphenoid; mvf, medial vagal foramen (connecting brain cavity with recessus scalae tympani); osp, orbitosphenoid; oto, otoccipital; pbsp, parabasisphenoid; pit, pituitary fossa; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; soc, supraoccipital; ssr, subsellar recess; vcm, vena capitis media foramen; II, medially open foramen for optic nerve (CN II); III, oculomotor nerve (CN III) foramen; IV, trochlear nerve (CN IV) foramen; V, trigeminal nerve (CN V) foramen; VII, facial nerve (CN VII) foramen; XII, hypoglossal nerves (CN XII) foramina.