FIGURE 22. 3D in A reappraisal of the cranial and mandibular osteology of the spinosaurid Irritator challengeri (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

FIGURE 22. 3D renderings of the articulated braincase elements of Irritator challengeri (SMNS 58022). A, right lateral view; B, right lateral view with interpretative line drawings; C, left lateral view; D, left lateral view with interpretative line drawings. Note that bones are labelled in bold, and other anatomical structures in regular font. Abbreviations: aoc, antotic crest; atyr, anterior tympanic recess; avf, (anterior) vagal foramen (connecting recessus scalae tympani region with paracondylar recess via a vagal canal); boc, basioccipital; bt, basal tuber; cap, capitate process; car, external foramen for the internal carotid artery (=vidian) canal; cor, columella recess; cif, crista interfenestralis; crtu, crista tuberalis; cup, cultriform process; fov, fenestra ovalis; iop, interorbital process of the parabasisphenoid; lsp, laterosphenoid; mvf, medial vagal foramen (connecting brain cavity with recessus scalae tympani); occ, occipital condyle; opr, ophthalmic ridge defining groove for ophthalmic branch (CN V1); oto, otoccipital; orsc, orbitosphenoidal crest; pbsp, parabasisphenoid; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; rst, recessus scalae tympani/tympanic region of middle ear; soc, supraoccipital; II, medially open foramen for optic nerve (CN II); III, oculomotor nerve (CN III) foramen; IV, trochlear nerve (CN IV) foramen; V, trigeminal nerve (CN V) foramen; VII, facial nerve (CN VII) foramen.