FIGURE 20. 3D in A reappraisal of the cranial and mandibular osteology of the spinosaurid Irritator challengeri (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

FIGURE 20. 3D renderings of the articulated braincase elements of Irritator challengeri (SMNS 58022). A, anterior view; B, anterior view with interpretative line drawings; C, posterior view; D, posterior view with interpretative line drawings. Note that bones are labelled in bold, and other anatomical structures in regular font. Abbreviations: aoc, antotic crest; boc, basioccipital; bpp, basipterygoid process; bsr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tuber; cap, capitate process; crtu, crista tuberalis; crvl, crista ventrolateralis; cup, cultriform process; ds, dorsum sellae; fm, foramen magnum; lsp, laterosphenoid; mlsp, medial laterosphenoid process; occ, occipital condyle; osp, orbitosphenoid; oto, otoccipital; orsc, orbitosphenoidal crest; pbsp, parabasisphenoid; pcor, paracondylar recess; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; ptf, posttemporal fenestra; pvf and XII, posterior vagal foramen and hypoglossal nerves (CN XII), see Figure 23 for details of this region; soc, supraoccipital; socc, supraoccipital crest; ssr, subsellar recess; vcm, vena capitis media foramen; I, olfactory nerve (CN I) foramen; II, optic nerve (CN II) foramen; III, oculomotor nerve (CN III) foramen; IV, trochlear nerve (CN IV) foramen; V, trigeminal nerve (CN V) foramen; V1gr, ophthalmic groove for V1 branch.