Figure 1. A in Dung beetle conservation in a heterogeneous landscape of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism

Figure 1. A, map outlining the study area and showing the position of Maputo Special Reserve (MSR) in relation to land usage in the surrounding area of southeast Mozambique and northeast KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (nature and game reserves are marked by green and yellow, darker grey outlines the Lubombo Conservancy, unprotected areas are pale grey, Indian Ocean, inlets and lagoons are blue) (redrawn from Peace Parks Foundation 2020); B, position of sampling localities in MSR plotted onto Google Earth; L1–L7 = study sites at each locality in large, medium and small sand forest patches plus grassland; L8, DF1–DF4 = dune forest study sites. Position of most forest sites was measured at the point of entry as the GPS could not detect satellites under the canopy.