Fig. 4 in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) survival, immune response, and gut bacteria changes afer exposure to Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) volatiles

Fig. 4. Dose-response test using dried neem leaves and 5 doses. In brief, 60 neonates of the NL or Gto strain in a 1 L container with artificial diet were placed aside the dried neem leaves inside an airtight plastic box, and were examined afer 7 d incubation. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation of 2 replicate experiments per treatment.