Fig. 8 in The ligamental scar in the costovertebral articulation of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurs

Fig. 8. Thoracic kinematics in the Tyrannosauridae. A. Skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex in dorsal and left lateral views (reconstruction courtesy of Takashi Oda), showing the level of p15 (broken line). Arrows indicate movements of ribs during inspiration. B. Transverse section of the tyrannosaurid ribcage at the level of p15 in posterior view. Large three−dimensional arrows indicate the costal rotation during the shift from the expiration (white ribs) to the inspiration (shaded ribs) modes. Small plane arrows indicate the projections of the movements on the transverse plane. The rotational axis for the rib and the rib outline are based on RTMP 2001.36.01 (Daspletosaurus torosus).