Fig. 8 in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 8. Diagrammatic representation of the protein metabolism and cell regeneration in skeletal muscle of two obesity models. (A) The change in protein synthesis. In the OB mice, the expression levels of P-Akt, P-mTORC1 and P-4E-BP1 decreased significantly. In the PRE ground squirrels, the expression levels of P-Akt, P-mTORC1 and P-S6K1 increased significantly. (B) The change in protein degradation. In the OB mice, the expression levels of calpain1, calpain2 and MuRF-1 increased significantly, and the expression levels of desmin and troponin T decreased significantly. In the PRE ground squirrels, the expression levels of beclin-1 and LC3-II decreased significantly. (C) The change in cell regeneration. In the OB mice, the expression level of myostatin increased significantly, and the expression level of myogenin decreased significantly. In the PRE ground squirrels, the expression level of MyoD increased significantly. OB: mice after 3 months of ingesting high fat diet, PRE: pre-hibernation, squirrels that finished natural fattening, sacrificed in late-autumn (end of September, 30–40 d before hibernation). P-Akt, phosphorylated protein kinase B; P-mTORC1, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin in complex 1; P-S6K1, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1; P-4E-BP1, phosphorylated 4E binding protein 1; MuRF-1, muscle ring finger-1; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; MyoD, myogenicity differentiation factor.