Fig. 6 in The life cycle of the reptile-inhabiting nematode Abbreviata hastaspicula (Spirurida: Physalopteridae: Physalopterinae) in Australia

Fig. 6. The postulated complete life cycle of Abbreviata hastapicula. Thick arrows indicated the life cycle in the final host (life cycle elucidated in this paper): Firstly, eggs passed from the faeces of the larger lizards. Secondly, eggs containing first stage lava (e) are ingested by suitable arthropod intermediate hosts (e.g. Teleogryllus oceanicus), and the 1st stage larva developed into 3rd stage larva/larvae then encysted on the guts of arthropod intermediate hosts. Lastly, arthropod intermediate hosts are consumed by final/definitive host (larger lizard). Or alternatively, as shown by the dashed arrows (this is not yet confirmed), if the life cycle is achieved through paratenic hosts, the arthropod intermediate hosts would be consumed by the paratenic host (smaller lizards), and the infective larva(e) persist without essential development or growth until it is consumed by the final host (larger lizards).