Fig. 1 in A geometric morphometric approach for disparity of the sulcus acusticus of sagitta in species of Gerreidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Fig. 1 Concepts of variability in the empirical morphospace constructed from a set of principal components (λ1 and λ2). MD morphological disparity, the morphospace occupied by all specimens in a group. The broken line illustrates the distance added from each specimen to the group mean; PD partial disparity, the contribution that a group makes to the morphological disparity of a set of groups. The dark line illustrates the distance added from each specimen in a group to the overall mean. Small filled black dots = group centroid; large filled black dot = overall centroid; empty black dots = specimens