BRAIN Journal-A Combination of Meta-heuristic and Heuristic Algorithms for the VRP, OVRP and VRP with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery- Figure 4. The solution of C6 found by CEACO

<p>Furthermore, the GA has not been able to find the best solutions in thirteen of the fourteen examples. Therefore, it is the weakest algorithm among the five presented algorithms. However, SS_ACO has been able to find better solutions than the GA and has come up with the best solution in 12 examples. Among remaining five algorithms, PSO has failed in improving the solutions in 10 examples and has come up with solutions similar to the ones found by GA. From the comparison&nbsp;between GAPSO and CEACO, it can be seen that GAPSO in six examples has been able to find better solutions than the proposed algorithm. However, the CEACO has found better solutions than this algorithm for one example. For example, the solution of C6 is shown in Figure 4 which is the best found solution until now by other algorithms.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>