FIGURE 10 in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 10. Waveform (A, B, D) and complementary envelope curves (C, E) of the ticking song of Mugadina emma, all recordings made near the Fairbairn Dam Rd, ~7 km S.W. of Emerald, eastern central Queensland, recorded 'in situ' in an open net in grassland. Fig. 10A presents an overview segment showing the multiple repeated 'ticks', the PRR varying between 2.5 to 4.6 Hz. As in the M. marshalli song, each 'tick' comprises a set of two pulses, with each initial 'primary' pulse followed by a weaker secondary pulse, the intervals between the two pulses being 1.4–3.4 ms, slightly variable, although similar to the M. marshalli data. The detailed pulse structures within the primary and secondary pulses are also similar to those of M. marshalli, and the two sets of pulses are similarly interpreted as time offsets in the firing of the two timbals. Unfiltered.