Success in Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning: Indicators of Effectiveness-Figure 2. Data collection methods of the studies (Note: A study may involve more than one method.)

<p>Figure 2 shows the data collection methods applied in the studies. Surveys were used in most of the selected cases (94%), followed by interviews (38%) and experiments (34%). Apart from these approaches, observation (12%), field materials (8%), video recordings (6%) and discussion threads (2%) were also used in some of the studies. Thirty of the cases involved the use of more than one method, mostly combining a survey and another one or more method. These suggest that most of the studies involved quantitative data at least in part.</p>