FIGURE 4. A in Phylogeography, genetic structure and wing pattern variation of Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe

FIGURE 4. A Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of Erebia pronoe based on mitochondrial data of COI genes. Bootstrap support values are shown above the branches. A and B phylogroups are indicated on the right. The ML pattern is congruent with the statistical parsimony pattern of the sampled individuals. Sequences comprising E. pronoe populations from isolated clades are shown in grey shading. COI sequences of E. euryale (GU669656) and E. pandrose (KP870341) were used as outgroups. (a) The ML tree of E. pronoe based on mitochondrial data of CR markers. Bootstrap support values are shown above the branches. The ML pattern of CR markers is congruent with the ML pattern of COI genes.