Fig.4 in Neuroplasticity in desert ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - importance for the ontogeny of navigation

Fig.4: Wuantitative analyses of structural synaptic plasticity in visual integration centers in the lateral complex (LX) and mush- room body (MB) of Cataglyphis brains. (A) Anti-synapsin immunolabeled distinct synaptic complexes in the MB (visual) collar. The position in the brain indicated by the square in the 3B-calyx collarin (C). (B) Anti-synapsin and f-actinphalloidin co-labeled synaptic complexes in the bulb of the lateral complex (LX). The position in the brain indicated by the rectangle in the LX in (C). The density and numbers of synaptic complexes in the MB calyx (A) and lateral complex (B) are quantified using computer guided analyses.Scale bar in (B), also valid for (A) = 10 —m. (C) Brain of Cataglyphis fortis labeled with an antibody to synapsin (magenta), f-actin stained with phallodin (green) and cell nuclei labeled with Hoechst 3458 (blue). Scale bar = 100 —m. (D) 3D reconstruction and surface rendering of the individual components of the mushroom body (upper, frontal view) and central complex (lower, ventral view) for volume analyses in the brain of Cataglyphis nodus. Scale bar = 100 —m. Further abbreviations: co collar, EB ellipsoid body, FB fan-shaped body, NO noduli,PB protocerebral bridge, li lip. Combined from STIEB & al.2012 (C) and GROB & al. (2017) (D). Whole mount images in (A) and (B) provided by Kornelia Grübel.