Vehicle-to-cell hierarchical overview of a typical electrified powertrain architecture

<p>Schematic depicting the vehicle-to-cell hierarchical overview of a typical electrified<br> powertrain architecture. This represents the system-level context within which the proposed<br> layer optimisation framework has been developed. Two xEV powertrains &mdash; a) a Battery Electric<br> Vehicle (BEV), and b) a series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) are chosen as examples to<br> demonstrate how the methodology facilitates common module designs for such battery packs.</p>