Extended Data Fig. 3 in A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines

Extended Data Fig. 3 | Elliptic Fourier analysis of M1 crown contour. CCH6-c compared to the holotype of H. floresiensis (LB1) and large samples of archaeological and recent H. sapiens individuals. a, PCA of shape data for all specimens, scatter plot of individual scores for PC1 versus PC2 (see Methods; elliptic Fourier descriptors applied to Procrustes-aligned outlines, ten harmonics included). LGM, Last Glacial Maximum. Sample sizes: H. luzonensis, n = 1; H. floresiensis, n = 2; pre- LGM, n = 2; pre-Neolithic post-LGM, n = 12; Neolithic/post-Neolithic, n = 232; recent 'Negritos', n = 19. A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 5. b, Bar plot of eigenvalues (%) of PC1–PC6. c, Extreme shape variations along PC1 and PC2. The scores of H. luzonensis M1 along PC1 and PC2 reflects a crown outline shape that is mesio-distally compressed, but not as much as that of H. floresiensis (two versions of the LB1 right M1). d, Right M1 of the holotype of H. floresiensis LB1 showing the two different versions of the crown outline (see Methods): the original contour (V1; in blue) published in a previous study7, and the contour (V2; in red) drawn by J.C. differ in the compensation of the mesial IPCF. These two versions differ minimally in the results of the elliptic Fourier analysis (see d and h). e, PCA of Fourier descriptors for the means of 16 groups of H. sapiens (sample sizes in brackets, see details in Supplementary Table 5), H. luzonensis CCH6-c and H. floresiensis LB1 (V1 and V2 treated as 2 groups): scatter plot of mean scores for PC1 versus PC2 with a superimposed minimum spanning tree indicating distances between groups. f, Extreme shape variations along PC1 and PC2: H. floresiensis differs from H. luzonensis in having a M1 crown contour shape that is more compressed mesio-distally, with a more developed protocone