Figures 13–19 in Protocol for the in vitro rearing of Frieseomelitta varia workers (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

Figures 13–19. Development phases of Frieseomelitta varia reared in vitro: (13) Pw: white-eyed pupa, unpigmented cuticle; (14) Pp: pink-eyed/pharate-adult transition, unpigmented cuticle; (15) Pb: brown-eyed pharate-adult, unpigmented cuticle; (16) Pbl: brown-eyed pharate-adult, light pigmented cuticle; (17) Pbm: brown-eyed pharate-adult, intermediary pigmented cuticle; (18) Pbd: brown-eyed pharate-adult, dark pigmented cuticle; (19) recently emerged (all pupae incubated at 30 C and 75% humidity). Developmental phases modified from Hartfelder et al. (2006). Images made with a Carl-Zeiss microscope. Scale bars: 13–18 = 4 mm, 19 = 5 mm.