Figure 1. A in Forcipomyia hardyi (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a Potential Pollinator of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Flowers in Hawaii

Figure 1. A. Flypaper pinned underneath of cacao flower and buds. B. Ethanol-preserved female F. hardyi identified by Frank Howarth. C. Flypaper trap containing two ants and one midge; arrowhead indicates pollen. D. Cacao flower showing presence of ants and aphids. E. Dorsal view of live F. hardyi. F. Lateral view of live F. hardyi; arrowhead indicates pollen; scale bar = 0.5 mm. G. Freshly opened cacao flower showing style surrounded by staminodes; scale bar = 1 mm. H. Pollinated cacao flower showing outwardly-recurved staminodes; arrowhead indicates pollen.