Fig. 2 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 2. Morphological and histological changes in the rosette galls induced by Prodiplosis longifila on Jatropha clavuligera. (A) Vertical sectional view of a portion of the galled shoot showing the inflamed axillary position (*) (bar = 1 mm). (B) Cross sectional view of a portion of the galled shoot showing the hyperplasied stems and leaves (bar = 0.33 mm); * indicates the location where the larvae congregate; le = leaf. (C) Cross sectional view of a galled leaf showing the intense hyperplasied upper mesophyll (bar = 0.18 mm); arrows point to the hypertrophied epidermis. (D) Cross sectional view of a leaf axil (bar = 0.33 mm); * indicates the location where the larvae congregate; note the vertically dividing epidermal cells towards the bottom, whereas the laterally occurring epidermal cells are hypertrophied. (E) Cross sectional view of the stem showing variously dividing cortical cells (bar = 30 μm); the arrow indicates cell proliferation. (F) Compactly arranged parenchymatous nutritive cells, each with a prominent nucleus (n) and dense cytoplasm (cyt) (bar = 10 μm). (G) Low magnification image of galled stem showing layers of nutritive cells (nc), where the larvae feed (lfs) (bar = 30 μm). In fact, the cells lying opposite, which appear to be empty, show signs of regeneration (rc). In the far interior of the stem cortex, numerous phenol-included cells (pic) occur. Far interior into the stem cortex numerous phenol including cells (pic) occur. (H) An enlarged view of a phenol-including cell (bar = 18 μm).