Fig. 4. Cladistic analysis. A in Evolution of the retiolitid Neogothograptus (Graptolithina) and its new species from the upper Wenlock of Poland, Baltica

Fig. 4. Cladistic analysis. A. Our preferred of four most parsimonious trees (see text for explanation) showing positions of character state changes. Letters (characters) and numbers (states for each character) correspond to codings shown in Appendix 1. Asterisks indicate state changes to a polymorphic condition for groups of taxa above the corresponding node. B. Strict consensus tree for the cladistic analysis of the matrix shown in Appendix 2, all characters unordered and unweighted. Pseudoplectograptus was used as the outgroup taxon. Tree length: 39; consistency index: 0.769; rescaled consistency index: 0.553; retention index: 0.719; homoplasy index: 0.487. Abbreviations: B., Baculograptus; E., Eisenackograptus; G., Gothograptus; N., Neogothograptus.