Fig. 3 in Function and evolution of ankylosaur dermal armor

Fig. 3. An osteoderm from the polacanthid Gargoyleosaurus parkpini (DMNH 27726) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah. A. Photograph of the external surface of the specimen. B. Thin−section of an osteoderm, cut along indicated by dashed line in A. The thin−section was cut parallel to the ridge of the osteoderm; photograph (B1) and interpretive drawing (B2). The cortex in the section completely surrounds the inner cancellous bone; dark gray, cortical bone consisting of woven or structural fiber bone; white, cancellous bone. C, D. Cortical bone tissue of the osteoderm. Detail of the cortex and inner trabecular bone in normal (C) and polarized (D) light; external surface is to the top. Many structural fiber bundles occur within the cortex.