FIGURE 7. 1 in Neoichnology of tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae): Criteria for recognizing spider burrows in the fossil record

FIGURE 7. 1, Low mound of excavated sediment produced by Pelinobius muticus; circular opening is present in the center. 2, Large mound of excavated sediment produced by Hysterocrates gigas with a circular opening in the center of the mound. 3, Extensive spoil pile of excavated sediment extending from the opening of a H. gigas burrow. 4, Side view of an Aphonopelma chalcodes terrarium showing extensive, irregular surface topography produced by burrow excavation as well as the exposed cross section of a helical burrow (at arrow).