FIGURE 3. A in The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand-II. Contributions to the genus Heterodermia sensu lato

FIGURE 3. A. Heterodermia galactophylla, soralia on lower surface of spathulate lobes (scale 1 cm). B. Leucodermia vulgaris, soralia on lower surface; note also the superimposed layer of cotton-woolly hyphae impregnated by anthraquinones. C. Heterodermia pseudospeciosa, corticate ± glossy lower surface with laminal and marginal rhizines (scale 1 mm). D. Polyblastidium japonicum, ecorticate arachnoide lower surface only with marginal rhizines. E. Heterodermia koyanoides, pseudocortex with compact lower surface, ± dull, not glossy, without laminal rhizines (scale 1 mm). F. Heterodermia koyana, longitudinal section through thallus; pseudocortex without border between medulla and lower surface (scale 100 µm).