Figure 7 in The axial biomechanics of Trigonosaurus pricei (Neosauropoda: Titanosauria) and the importance of the cervical-dorsal region to sauropod high-browser feeding strategy

Figure 7. Simplification of evaluation model for sauropod vertebral column direction. The directions of each region can be assigned from the starting point of the vertebral sequence or from the point of change of direction (e.g. cervicodorsal region). A, the sauropod body plane angle can be measured from the ground to the head (orange). Up to 10° can be considered low elevation, between 10° and 20° medium direction, and above 20° can be considered high elevation. B, cervical region high suprahorizontal direction (between 30° and 60°). Dorsal region in medium suprahorizontal direction (between 15° and 30°). Caudal region in low subhorizontal direction (between 0° and −15°). Sacral angle at 30°. The body plane angle is at 33, 59° in high elevation. C, cervical region in low suprahorizontal direction (15°). Dorsal region in low suprahorizontal direction (between 0° and 15°). Caudal region in high subhorizontal direction (between −15° and −30°). Sacral wedge at 15°. The body plane angle is at 18, 22° in medium elevation. D, cervical region in horizontal direction (0°). Dorsal region in horizontal direction (0°). Caudal region in horizontal direction (0°). The body plane angle is at 9, 72° in low elevation. E, the direction of the trunk (dorsal region + sacrum) can also be measured by adding the sacral region from the most distant point of the sacrum (e.g. in pink, forming an angle of 25°); as a result, there is an increase in the value (in degrees) over the horizontal line.