FIGURE 19. A–D in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)

FIGURE 19. A–D. Protoparmeliopsis ertzii (Ertz, D. 11813, CDS 37172–holotype). A. placodioid, lobate thallus with reddish-brown, lecanorine apothecia. B. Lecanora-type asci (in Lugol's iodine, DIC). C. Lecanorine exciple, cortex and epihymenium with pale brown pigment and few minute crystals, medulla with packets of photobionts and conspicuous clusters of large crystals (in water, DIC). D. pale brown, cortical/epihymenial pigment and minute crystals dissolved, large crystal clusters persistent (in KOH, DIC). Scales: A = 5 mm; B =20 µm; C & D = 100 µm.