TABLE 1 TABLE 2 in Polybia, Paraphyly, and Polistine Phylogeny

<p>TABLE 1 <b>Adult Characters for Subgenera of <i>Polybia</i> and</b> <b>Five Outgroup Genera</b> Multistate character 15 is treated as additive; multistate characters are otherwise treated as nonadditive. An asterisk denotes a polymorphism showing all applicable states; a dollar sign denotes a subset polymorphism (<i>Myrapetra</i>: states 0 and 1 in character 1, 0 and 1 in character 11, and 1 and 4 in character 20; and <i>Trichinothorax</i>: states 0 and 2 in character 1, 0 and 1 in character 5, 0 and 1 in character 11, 0 and 1 in character 14, 1 and 3 in character 20, and 0 and 1 in character 23).</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Taxa</th><th>Character</th></tr><tr><th>1 5 10 15 20 | | | | |</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Protonectarina</i></th><td>200020001000020100000002</td></tr><tr><th><i>Epipona</i></th><td>002021011011120000052000</td></tr><tr><th><i>Synoecoides</i></th><td>011120110000102002131031</td></tr><tr><th><i>Chartergus</i></th><td>000000000001000103260012</td></tr><tr><th><i>Brachygastra</i></th><td>2000$0000001000103261012</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polybia</i></th><td>010100100020101001130013</td></tr><tr><th><i>Apopolybia</i></th><td>010100100000111011121023</td></tr><tr><th><i>Alpha</i></th><td>010100100000111001020013</td></tr><tr><th><i>Myrapetra</i></th><td>$10000**00$01100000$0004</td></tr><tr><th><i>Furnariana</i></th><td>01010000010*100101011024</td></tr><tr><th><i>Cylindroeca</i></th><td>010111011220100100001014</td></tr><tr><th><i>Trichinothorax</i></th><td>$10*$10**0$01$01*00$10$4</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pedothoeca</i></th><td>010121011010110100000024</td></tr><tr><th><i>Formicicola</i></th><td>010100110000111101020124</td></tr><tr><th><i>Platypolybia</i></th><td>110110110000120101010024</td></tr></tbody></table>