Fig. 14 in Quaternary time scales for the Pontocaspian domain: Interbasinal connectivity and faunal evolution

Fig. 14. The successive mollusc faunas in the Pontocaspian region provide clear insights into basin connection and isolation. Age and MIS zonation from Cohen et al. (2013). H = Holocene; LP = Late Pleistocene. Regional phases: CN = Chernomorian; Ne = Neoeuxinian; Ka = Karangatian; Uz = Uzunlarian; Ch= Chaudian; Gu = Gurian; Ku = Kujalnikian; NC = Novocaspian; Kv = Khvalynian; Hi = Hircanian; u-Kz = upper or late Khazarian; l-Kz = lower or early Khazarian; Ba = Bakunian; Ap = Apsheronian; Ak = Akshagylian. Representative bivalve species: (1) Flexopecten glaber; (2) Didacna pseudocrassa; (3) Didacnocatilus guriensis; (4) Submonodacna pleistopleura; (5) Avicardium rariiferum; (6) Avimactra subcaspia; (7) Apsheronia raricostata s.l.; (8) Apsheronia propinqua s.l.; (9) Didacna subpyramidata (1) from Büyükmeriç et al., 2016; (2) from Nevesskaya, 2007; (5-8) from Kolesnikov, 1940.