FIGURE 4 in Leprose and leproid lichens of the Galapagos, with a particular focus on Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Septotrapelia (Pilocarpaceae)

FIGURE 4. Galapagos species of Septotrapelia; a–e S. usnica; a Leprose thallus composed of dispersed granules with some tendency to aggregate, larger granules secondarily budding off soredia (Bungartz 8443; scale 1 mm). b Fertile thallus of pseudocorticate, aggregated granules with ±tendency to become subsquamulose; apothecial initial (arrow), mature apothecia (a) and large aggregated apothecia (ag) (Kalb s.n., Lichenes Neotropici, Fasc. XV; scale 2 mm); c–e Section of an apothecium (Kalb s.n., Lichenes Neotropici, Fasc. XV); c Overview of the apothecium with exciple, hymenium and hypothecium (scale 100 µm); d Exciple and hymenium with ascus (arrow; scale 50 µm); e 3-septate ascospores (scale 25 µm); f Septotrapelia sp. 1; granules growing on plant debris (Bungartz 8183, scale 1.5 mm).