Figure 4. A in Phylogeny, phylogeography, and systematics of the American pea crab genus Calyptraeotheres Campos, 1990, inferred from molecular markers

Figure 4. A, median-joining haplotype network for cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mtDNA sequences of Calyptraeotheres garthi, including some samples of Calyptraeotheres hernandezi and Calyptraeotheres politus. Area of the circles is proportional to the number of individuals of each haplotype found. White dots represent missing, probably unsampled, haplotypes or extinct lineages. Lines between circles represent additional mutational steps. B, mismatch distributions of C. garthi. Solid lines indicate the observed distribution, and dashed lines indicate the expected distribution. C, Bayesian skyline plot based on COI sequences of C. garthi showing change in population size through time. The y-axis is the product of effective population size (Ne) and generation length (t) on a log scale. The heavy solid line is the median estimated under the assumption of a per site mutation rate of 1.66% million years-1, and the dotted lines indicate 95% highest posterior density regions. Abbreviations: ARI, Arica; CAR, Caraguatatuba; ICU, Isla Cubagua; MDP, Mar del Plata; PMO, Puerto Montt; RIA, Ría de San António; SCL, San Clemente; SOT, El Sótano.