FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic hypotheses for emydine turtles 1 in Competing generic concepts for Blanding's, Pacific and European pond turtles (Emydoidea, Actinemys and Emys)-Which is best?

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic hypotheses for emydine turtles 1 (outgroups removed for clarity). Nomenclature follows the respective references. Top left: Phylogeny based on morphological evidence (Gaffney & Meylan 1988). Synapomorphies: (1) plastral hinge and suprascapula present; (2) episcapula present. Top right: Phylogeny based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences (redrawn from Bickham et al. 1996). Bottom left: Phylogeny based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences plus morphological, ethological and life history evidence (redrawn from Burke et al. 1996). Bottom right: Phylogeny based on the mitochondrial cyt b and ND4 genes and adjacent DNA coding for tRNAs (modified from Feldman & Parham 2002; weakly resolved relationships of 'Emys' blandingii, 'E.' marmorata, and E. orbicularis shown as polytomy).