Figure 4 in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figure 4. Associations between three biogeographical distance measures and genetic differentiation (FST), measured at three loci (CO1, ITS2 and H3), for populations of Xylotrupes siamensis. Mantel test statistics (r) indicate the strength and significance of correlations between the genetic distance and biogeographical distance. Distance calculations are detailed in the Material and Methods section. Least cost distances were subject to rescaling and are thus unitless.