Figure 8. Edmontonia rugosidens, AMNH FARB 5381 in A complex hyobranchial apparatus in a Cretaceous dinosaur and the antiquity of avian paraglossalia

Figure 8. Edmontonia rugosidens, AMNH FARB 5381. Top left: skull, mandible, and buccal osteoderm in oblique left lateral view. Top right: stereophotographs of head in ventral (palatal) view, showing gular ossicles and long ceratobranchials. Bottom: three orthogonal CT slices (not to scale) through region of hyobranchial apparatus. Lines show approximate level of slices. Location of paraglossalia outlined in red, dotted line. cb, second ceratobranchial; de, dentary; gost, gular osteoderms; ha, hyobranchial apparatus; oc, occipital condyle; t, teeth.