FIGURE 19. K-T in Allodapine Bees in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Apidae): A New Species of Braunsapis from the Sarawat Mountains, with an Overview of the Arabian Fauna

FIGURE 19. K-T boundary (65 Ma) geography showing biogeographic connections between the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions including the Arabian Plate. The Oman-Kohistan-Dras archipelago persisted in one form or another into at least the late Eocene and close to the time of contact between India and Asia (map reproduced with permission from Chatterjee and Scotese, 2010). Such physical connections permitted plants and animals to move between these biogeographic realms and perhaps permitted ancestral species of the mixta species group to disperse from India into eastern Arabia, while ancestors of the sarawatensis species group would have come from the connection between Africa and western Arabia. Abbreviations: Af = Africa; An = Antarctica; Au = Australia; Ke = Kerguelen Plateau; Ma = Madagascar.