Fig. 120 in A Monograph Of The Baltic Amber Bees And Evolution Of The Apoidea (Hymenoptera)

Fig. 120. Hypothesis of relationship for the corbiculate bees as envisioned by Cockerell (reproduced from Cockerell, 1908b). He did not include tribe Euglossini and the ages he used for particular deposits are now understood to be as follows: Calyptapis [considered as a junior subjective synonym of Bombus by Zeuner and Manning (1976)] is from early Oligocene deposits of Florissant, while the genera Sophrobombus, Chalcobombus, Protobombus, and Electrapis, all in Baltic amber, are middle Eocene in age. Most species of Synapis (a subgenus of Apis) are from Oligocene strata but at least two species are from early Miocene deposits (Engel, 1999c, unpubl. data). Meliponorytes (described by Tosi, 1896) is either a true fossil in Miocene amber from Sicily or perhaps misidentified in African copal and congeneric with living meliponines (see appendix 1).