Fig. 54 in Eggs, Ovariole Numbers, and Modes of Parasitism of Cleptoparasitic Bees, with Emphasis on Neotropical Species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Fig. 54. Cladogram showing bee phylogeny upon which has been plotted the cleptoparasitic taxa that oviposit into nest cells that have not yet been closed by the host female (O) and the cleptoparasitic taxa that oviposit in nest cells that had been closed by the host female (•). Genera of cleptoparasites appear beneath the higher taxon to which they belong. If no generic name is listed beneath a cleptoparasitic taxon, all included genera are assumed to be cleptoparasitic with the same mode of parasitism. For discussion, see text. Cladogram modified from Engel (2001) and Michener (2000).