FIGURES 41–43. Microphotographs. 41 in Nesting Biologies and Mature Larvae of Oxaeine Bees (Apoidea: Andrenidae)

FIGURES 41–43. Microphotographs. 41. Right mandibular apex of 4th instar of Protoxaea gloriosa enclosing developing apex of 5th instar. 42. Integument of postdefecating form of Oxaea flavescens showing minute parallel wrinkles that presumably allow integument to shrink as body size reduces with onset of postdefecating form. 43. Spiracle of Protoxaea gloriosa, exterior view, showing oval atrial rim enclosing perpendicular line created by paired lips of primary tracheal opening. FIGURES 44, 45. Microphotographs of spiracle of postdefecating larva of Mesoxaea nigerrima: 44. Outer (exterior) view, again showing: perpendicular line created by lips of primary tracheal opening. 45. Spiracle from the front, with part of surrounding integument removed.