Figure 3 in Eigensurface analysis, ecology, and modelling of morphological adaptation in the falconiform humerus (Falconiformes: Aves)

Figure 3. Creation of 3D humerus proximal–dorsal surface sampling grids. Upper row: original clouds of scanned points located in xyz space for Falco sparverius (American kestrel, left), an open habitat species that forages using hovering flight; Accipiter cooperii (Cooper's hawk, centre), a forest habitat perch-hunter; and Gyps africanus (white-backed vulture, right), a woodland-dwelling, soaring scavenger. Middle row: adaptive mesh representations of the original point clouds interpolated to 2000–3000 mesh vertices. Lower row: filled and smoothed mesh illustrating the degree of surface detail captured by the surface sampling procedure. Note this is not the level of detail captured and employed in the eigensurface analysis procedure (see Fig. 4). Rather, the lower row figures represent the morphological starting points for eigensurface analysis.