Figure 14 in The Palaeozoic Ancestry of Salamanders, Frogs and Caecilians

Figure 14. Musculature of the lower jaw and hyoid apparatus associated with feeding in terrestrial salamanders and frogs. A, ventral transverse throat musculature of Ambystoma tigrinum. B, hyobranchial apparatus and longitudinal throat and tongue musculature of Ambystoma tigrinum in ventral view. C–F, mandibular and hyoid musculature of Bufo marinus. C, superficial mandibular musculature, with medial raphe removed in upper right to expose deeper muscles. D, superficial (left) and deeper (right) hyoid musculature. E, tongue muscles. F, deep hyoid muscles (all in ventral view). A, B, reproduced from Larsen & Guthrie (1975). C, F, reproduced from Duellman & Trueb (1986).