Figure 11 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence

Figure 11. Area cladograms of previously proposed biogeographical hypotheses for the origin of Bufo compared (A–C) with the area cladogram resulting from the analysis of combined nuclear + mitochondrial DNA and morphology (D; this study). A, based on the osteological data and phenetic relationships of Martin (1972a). B, the cladogram of Maxson (1984) is based on immunological distance data. C, the hypothesis of Pauly et al. (2004) is inferred from 12S−16S mitochondrial DNA data.